Celsus Ephesus
The Celsus Library in Ephesus, Turkey, built between 110 and 135 AD, is a stunning example of Roman architecture. It housed over 12,000 scrolls and served as a mausoleum for Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus. Known for its grand two-story façade with Corinthian columns.
The Celsus Library, located in the ancient city of Ephesus in modern-day Turkey, is one of the most impressive examples of Roman architecture. Built between 110 and 135 AD by Tiberius Julius Aquila in honor of his father, Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, the library's façade features a grand two-story structure with Corinthian columns and intricate marble designs. The library housed over 12,000 scrolls, stored in niches along the walls, and employed a unique double-wall construction to protect the scrolls from humidity and temperature changes. The interior also served as a mausoleum for Celsus, whose sarcophagus was placed in a crypt beneath the library.
What To See In Celsus Ephesus
- Celsus Library : The Celsus Library, built between 110 and 135 AD, is one of the most striking structures in Ephesus. Commissioned by Tiberius Julius Aquila to honor his father, the library once housed over 12,000 scrolls in its grand two-story interior. Its façade, with its elegant Corinthian columns and intricately carved statues representing wisdom, knowledge, intelligence, and valor, gives a glimpse into the architectural sophistication of the Roman era. The library also served as a mausoleum for Celsus, whose sarcophagus lies in a crypt beneath the building.
- Great Theatre : The Great Theatre of Ephesus is a monumental structure that could accommodate up to 25,000 spectators. Built into the slope of Mount Pion, the theatre dates back to the Hellenistic period and was expanded during the Roman era. It was used for dramatic performances, gladiatorial contests, and public gatherings. The theatre's impressive acoustics and panoramic views of the ancient city make it a must-see attraction.
- Terrace Houses : The Terrace Houses, also known as the "Houses of the Rich," are located on the slopes of Bulbul Mountain. These well-preserved residential buildings showcase the opulent lifestyle of Ephesus' elite during the Roman period. Visitors can admire the intricate mosaics, vibrant frescoes, and advanced domestic features such as heated floors and sophisticated plumbing systems. The Terrace Houses offer a unique glimpse into daily life and architectural ingenuity of ancient Ephesus.
- Temple of Hadrian : This beautifully restored temple, dedicated to Emperor Hadrian, is one of the finest examples of Roman architecture in Ephesus. Built in the 2nd century AD, the temple features a richly decorated façade with intricate reliefs depicting mythological scenes and historical events. The Temple of Hadrian stands as a testament to the emperor's contributions to the city and the artistic prowess of its builders.
- Curetes Street : Curetes Street is a marble-paved road that runs through the heart of ancient Ephesus. Lined with columns, statues, and various important buildings, the street was a bustling thoroughfare in its time. Key sites along Curetes Street include the Hercules Gate, the Temple of Hadrian, and various fountains and monuments. Walking down Curetes Street, visitors can imagine the vibrant life of Ephesus' inhabitants as they went about their daily activities.
- Odeon : The Odeon, or Bouleuterion, is a small theatre-like structure that served as a venue for musical performances, political meetings, and city council gatherings. Built in the 2nd century AD, the Odeon could seat around 1,500 people. Its well-preserved seating and stage area provide insight into the civic and cultural life of ancient Ephesus, highlighting the city's importance as a center of governance and entertainment.
- Agora : The Agora of Ephesus was the city's main marketplace and social hub. This large open space, surrounded by colonnades and shops, was where merchants, artisans, and citizens gathered to trade goods, exchange news, and engage in social activities. The Agora played a crucial role in the economic and social life of Ephesus, reflecting the city's prosperity and vibrant community.
- Fountain of Trajan : The Fountain of Trajan, constructed in honor of Emperor Trajan in the early 2nd century AD, is one of the most impressive fountains in Ephesus. The fountain features a large pool and a monumental façade adorned with statues and reliefs. A colossal statue of Trajan once stood prominently above the fountain, symbolizing the emperor's grandeur and the city's devotion to him. The Fountain of Trajan showcases the city's advanced engineering and artistic achievements.
- Temple of Artemis : The Temple of Artemis, although largely in ruins today, was once one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. This grand temple, dedicated to the goddess Artemis, was a major religious and cultural center in Ephesus. It attracted pilgrims and visitors from across the ancient world. Today, only a single column remains standing, but the site still holds historical and archaeological significance, reminding visitors of its former glory.
- House of the Virgin Mary : Located near Ephesus, the House of the Virgin Mary is believed to be the last residence of the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus. According to Christian tradition, Mary was brought to Ephesus by the Apostle John after the crucifixion of Jesus. The small stone house, now a pilgrimage site for Christians, is set in a serene and picturesque location on Mount Koressos. Visitors come to pay their respects, light candles, and seek blessings at this sacred site.
What is the Celsus Library?
The Celsus Library is an ancient Roman building in Ephesus, Turkey, built between 110 and 135 AD. It served both as a library housing thousands of scrolls and as a mausoleum for Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, a Roman senator and governor.
Where is the Celsus Library located?
The Celsus Library is located in the ancient city of Ephesus, near the modern town of Selçuk in the Izmir Province of Turkey.
Who built the Celsus Library?
The library was commissioned by Tiberius Julius Aquila in honor of his father, Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus. It was completed by Aquila’s heirs.
What was the purpose of the Celsus Library?
The Celsus Library served as a repository for over 12,000 scrolls and as a monumental tomb for Celsus. It was a symbol of knowledge, culture, and the power of the Roman Empire in Asia Minor.
What architectural style is the Celsus Library?
The Celsus Library is a prime example of Roman public architecture, featuring a grand two-story façade with Corinthian columns and richly decorated statues representing virtues such as wisdom and knowledge.
What happened to the Celsus Library over time?
The Celsus Library was partially destroyed by an earthquake in the 3rd century AD and later by a fire. Its façade was restored in the 1970s, and today it stands as a well-preserved example of Roman architecture.
Can you enter the Celsus Library?
Visitors can explore the exterior and view the reconstructed façade. While the interior is not accessible as it once was, visitors can still appreciate the grandeur and historical significance from the outside.
What are the key features of the Celsus Library?
Key features include the grand staircase leading to the entrance, the intricate carvings on the façade, the statues representing virtues, and the unique double-wall construction that protected the scrolls from humidity and temperature changes.
How do I get to the Celsus Library?
The Celsus Library can be reached by visiting the Ephesus archaeological site near Selçuk, Turkey. The site is accessible by car, taxi, or organized tours from major cities like Izmir and Kusadasi. We have a Celsus Ephesus tour. You can check our all tours out from all tours page.